[
 {
  "slug": "adam",
  "name": "Adam",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "אָדָם",
    "script": "Adam"
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "آدم",
    "script": "Adam"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "Primordial",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity",
   "judaism",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "The first human. In Genesis, formed from the dust of the ground and breathed into life by God; in the Qur'an, taught the names of all things and given vicegerency (khalifa) over the earth. The name means simply 'man' in Hebrew (from adamah, 'ground').",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "torah",
    "book": "genesis",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 27
   },
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "torah",
    "book": "genesis",
    "chapter": 2,
    "verse": 7
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "corpus": "quran",
    "book": "surah-002-al-baqarah",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 30
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "noah",
  "name": "Noah",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "נֹחַ",
    "script": "Noaḥ"
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "نوح",
    "script": "Nuḥ"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "Flood narrative",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity",
   "judaism",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "Builder of the ark and righteous survivor of the flood. The Bible gives him 950 years; the Qur'an devotes Surah 71 to his name and portrays him as preaching for centuries before the judgement. In both traditions he is the father of the post-flood human race.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "torah",
    "book": "genesis",
    "chapter": 6,
    "verse": 9
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "corpus": "quran",
    "book": "surah-071-nuh",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 1
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "abraham",
  "name": "Abraham",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "אַבְרָהָם",
    "script": "Avraham"
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "إبراهيم",
    "script": "Ibrāhīm"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 1800 BCE (traditional)",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity",
   "judaism",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "The patriarch at the root of all three Abrahamic faiths. Called by God out of Ur, promised a nation through his offspring, tested with the binding of his son. In the Qur'an he is Khalil Allah — 'friend of God' — and rebuilds the Kaaba with his son Ishmael.",
  "imageSlug": "scene-sacrifice",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "torah",
    "book": "genesis",
    "chapter": 12,
    "verse": 1
   },
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "torah",
    "book": "genesis",
    "chapter": 22,
    "verse": 1
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "corpus": "quran",
    "book": "surah-002-al-baqarah",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 124
   }
  ],
  "crossRefNotes": "Paul (Romans 4) reads Abraham's faith as the pattern of Christian justification. Jewish tradition gives him ten tests (Mishnah Avot 5:3). Islamic tradition remembers the footprint of Ibrahim preserved near the Kaaba."
 },
 {
  "slug": "moses",
  "name": "Moses",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "מֹשֶׁה",
    "script": "Moshe"
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "موسى",
    "script": "Mūsā"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 1300 BCE (traditional)",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity",
   "judaism",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "Liberator of Israel from Egypt and receiver of the Torah at Sinai. Most-named prophet in the Qur'an (136 mentions by name). The New Testament book of Hebrews calls him 'faithful in all God's house as a servant'.",
  "imageSlug": "figure-moses",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "torah",
    "book": "exodus",
    "chapter": 3,
    "verse": 1
   },
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "torah",
    "book": "exodus",
    "chapter": 20,
    "verse": 1
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "corpus": "quran",
    "book": "surah-020-taha",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 9
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "david",
  "name": "David",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "דָּוִד",
    "script": "Dawid"
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "داود",
    "script": "Dāwūd"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 1010 – 970 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity",
   "judaism",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "The shepherd who killed Goliath, the second king of Israel, and the traditional author of the Psalms. In Islam, Dawud is a prophet-king to whom the Zabur (Psalms) was revealed. His son Solomon (Sulayman) builds the First Temple.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "torah",
    "book": "1-samuel",
    "chapter": 17,
    "verse": 45
   },
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "bible",
    "book": "psalms",
    "chapter": 23,
    "verse": 1
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "corpus": "quran",
    "book": "surah-038-sad",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 17
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "solomon",
  "name": "Solomon",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "שְׁלֹמֹה",
    "script": "Shlomo"
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "سليمان",
    "script": "Sulaymān"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 970 – 931 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity",
   "judaism",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "Builder of the First Temple, traditional author of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs. In the Qur'an, Sulayman speaks with ants and understands the speech of birds (Surah 27).",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "torah",
    "book": "1-kings",
    "chapter": 3,
    "verse": 9
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "corpus": "quran",
    "book": "surah-027-an-naml",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 15
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "isaiah",
  "name": "Isaiah",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "יְשַׁעְיָהוּ",
    "script": "Yeshayahu"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 740 – 680 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity",
   "judaism"
  ],
  "summary": "Prophet to the kingdom of Judah during the Assyrian crisis; his book is the most quoted Old Testament text in the New Testament. Isaiah 53 — the 'suffering servant' — is a central Christian christological text.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "torah",
    "book": "isaiah",
    "chapter": 6,
    "verse": 8
   },
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "bible",
    "book": "isaiah",
    "chapter": 53,
    "verse": 5
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "john-the-baptist",
  "name": "John the Baptist",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "يحيى",
    "script": "Yaḥyā"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 4 BCE – c. 30 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "The austere prophet in the Judaean wilderness who baptised Jesus. Called 'Yahya' in the Qur'an and honoured as the forerunner. The Mandaean religion also holds him central.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "bible",
    "book": "matthew",
    "chapter": 3,
    "verse": 1
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "corpus": "quran",
    "book": "surah-019-maryam",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 7
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "mary",
  "name": "Mary",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "name": "Μαρία",
    "script": "Maria"
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "مريم",
    "script": "Maryam"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 18 BCE – c. 45 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "Mother of Jesus. The only woman named in the Qur'an (around 34 times); Surah 19 bears her name. The Magnificat (Luke 1) is one of the earliest Christian hymns.",
  "imageSlug": "scene-annunciation",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "bible",
    "book": "luke",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 46
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "corpus": "quran",
    "book": "surah-019-maryam",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 16
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "jesus",
  "name": "Jesus",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "name": "Ἰησοῦς",
    "script": "Iēsous"
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "عيسى",
    "script": "'Īsā"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 4 BCE – c. 30 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "For Christians, the incarnate Son of God, crucified and risen, whose teaching and person are the centre of scripture. For Muslims, the Messiah, messenger, and servant of God — honoured, but not divine; the crucifixion is denied in the Qur'an.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "bible",
    "book": "john",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 14
   },
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "bible",
    "book": "matthew",
    "chapter": 5,
    "verse": 3
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "corpus": "quran",
    "book": "surah-004-an-nisa",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 157
   }
  ],
  "crossRefNotes": "The words attributed to Jesus in the Qur'an (e.g. 3:49, 5:110) often echo material from the infancy gospels rather than the canonical four. Islamic tradition expects his return in the end times."
 },
 {
  "slug": "paul",
  "name": "Paul the Apostle",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "name": "Παῦλος",
    "script": "Paulos"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 5 BCE – 67 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "The Pharisee from Tarsus whose conversion on the Damascus road and subsequent missions turned a Jewish messianic movement into a world religion. Author of thirteen New Testament epistles (by traditional count).",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "bible",
    "book": "acts",
    "chapter": 9,
    "verse": 3
   },
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "bible",
    "book": "romans",
    "chapter": 3,
    "verse": 23
   },
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "bible",
    "book": "1-corinthians",
    "chapter": 13,
    "verse": 1
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "muhammad",
  "name": "Muhammad",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "محمد",
    "script": "Muḥammad"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 570 – 632 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "The final prophet (khatam an-nabiyyin) in Islamic belief. Born in Mecca, recipient of the Qur'anic revelation over twenty-three years beginning in the cave of Hira. The Hijra (622) marks year zero of the Islamic calendar.",
  "imageSlug": "tradition-islam",
  "crossRefNotes": "Out of respect for Islamic tradition, we present Muhammad through calligraphy and sacred space rather than figurative depiction. The same reverence applies to any representation of Allah.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "corpus": "quran",
    "book": "surah-033-al-ahzab",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 40
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "corpus": "quran",
    "book": "surah-096-al-alaq",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 1
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "buddha",
  "name": "Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "buddhism",
    "name": "सिद्धार्थ गौतम",
    "script": "Siddhārtha Gautama"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 563 – c. 483 BCE (traditional)",
  "traditions": [
   "buddhism"
  ],
  "summary": "Prince of the Shakya clan who abandoned his palace at age 29, sought the end of suffering among wandering ascetics, and attained awakening under the Bodhi tree at Bodh Gaya. His first sermon at Sarnath set out the Four Noble Truths.",
  "imageSlug": "figure-buddha",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "buddhism",
    "corpus": "dhammapada",
    "book": "dhammapada",
    "chapter": 14,
    "verse": 183
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "krishna",
  "name": "Krishna",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "hinduism",
    "name": "कृष्ण",
    "script": "Kṛṣṇa"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "Dvapara Yuga (traditional)",
  "traditions": [
   "hinduism"
  ],
  "summary": "The eighth avatar of Vishnu and divine charioteer of Arjuna in the Mahabharata, whose counsel to the prince on the eve of battle is the Bhagavad Gita. A figure of playful childhood, cosmic teacher, and supreme self (purushottama).",
  "imageSlug": "figure-krishna",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "hinduism",
    "corpus": "gita",
    "book": "bhagavad-gita",
    "chapter": 4,
    "verse": 7
   },
   {
    "tradition": "hinduism",
    "corpus": "gita",
    "book": "bhagavad-gita",
    "chapter": 11,
    "verse": 32
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "arjuna",
  "name": "Arjuna",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "hinduism",
    "name": "अर्जुन",
    "script": "Arjuna"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "Dvapara Yuga (traditional)",
  "traditions": [
   "hinduism"
  ],
  "summary": "The third Pandava prince, the greatest archer of the Mahabharata, and the confused warrior whose crisis on the Kurukshetra battlefield prompts the dialogue that becomes the Bhagavad Gita.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "hinduism",
    "corpus": "gita",
    "book": "bhagavad-gita",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 28
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "laozi",
  "name": "Laozi",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "taoism",
    "name": "老子",
    "script": "Lǎozǐ"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "6th century BCE (traditional)",
  "traditions": [
   "taoism"
  ],
  "summary": "Traditional author of the Tao Te Ching and elder contemporary of Confucius. Legend has him leave the state westward on an ox, handing the 5,000-character text to a border guard on the way.",
  "imageSlug": "figure-laozi",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "taoism",
    "corpus": "tao",
    "book": "tao-te-ching",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 1
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "peter",
  "name": "Simon Peter",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "name": "Πέτρος",
    "script": "Petros"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 1 BCE – c. 64–68 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "Fisherman from Bethsaida; chief of the twelve apostles. Thrice denies Jesus, thrice restored at the Sea of Galilee; traditionally crucified upside down in Rome under Nero.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "bible",
    "book": "matthew",
    "chapter": 16,
    "verse": 18
   },
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "bible",
    "book": "john",
    "chapter": 21,
    "verse": 15
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "john-apostle",
  "name": "John the Apostle",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "name": "Ἰωάννης",
    "script": "Iōannēs"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 6 – c. 100 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "The 'beloved disciple'; traditional author of the fourth Gospel, three epistles, and Revelation. Exiled to Patmos; traditional final home in Ephesus.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "bible",
    "book": "john",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 1
   },
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "bible",
    "book": "revelation",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 9
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "ishmael",
  "name": "Ishmael",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "יִשְׁמָעֵאל",
    "script": "Yishma'el"
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "إسماعيل",
    "script": "Ismā'īl"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "patriarchal era",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "Firstborn son of Abraham by Hagar. In the Bible, sent away with his mother but promised a great nation. In Islam, he is the son of the binding (not Isaac) and, with Abraham, rebuilds the Kaaba.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "torah",
    "book": "genesis",
    "chapter": 21,
    "verse": 13
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "corpus": "quran",
    "book": "surah-002-al-baqarah",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 127
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "joseph",
  "name": "Joseph son of Jacob",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "יוֹסֵף",
    "script": "Yosef"
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "يوسف",
    "script": "Yūsuf"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "patriarchal era",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity",
   "judaism",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "The dreamer sold into Egypt by his brothers who rises to become pharaoh's vizier, saves his family, and prefigures reconciliation. In Islam his story is the 'best of narratives' (Surah 12).",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "torah",
    "book": "genesis",
    "chapter": 37,
    "verse": 1
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "corpus": "quran",
    "book": "surah-012-yusuf",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 3
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "hagar",
  "name": "Hagar",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Hagar",
    "script": "Latin"
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "Hajar",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 2000 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "An Egyptian maidservant of Sarah who bore Abraham's first son, Ishmael. Her story highlights themes of divine provision and the origins of the Ishmaelite people.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "genesis",
    "chapter": 16,
    "verse": 1
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "sarah",
  "name": "Sarah",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Sarai",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 2000 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "The wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac, renowned for her faith and miraculous conception in old age. She is considered a matriarch of the Israelite nation.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "genesis",
    "chapter": 17,
    "verse": 15
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "rebekah",
  "name": "Rebekah",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Rivka",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 1900 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "The wife of Isaac and mother of Jacob and Esau, known for her initiative in securing the birthright for Jacob. She is a central figure in the patriarchal narratives.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "genesis",
    "chapter": 24,
    "verse": 15
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "rachel",
  "name": "Rachel",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Rachel",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 1800 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "The beloved wife of Jacob and mother of Joseph and Benjamin, whose death in childbirth is a poignant moment in Genesis. She is often associated with maternal mourning.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "genesis",
    "chapter": 29,
    "verse": 6
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "leah",
  "name": "Leah",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Leah",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 1800 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "The first wife of Jacob and mother of six of the twelve tribes of Israel, often portrayed as unloved yet blessed with many children. Her story illustrates God's care for the overlooked.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "genesis",
    "chapter": 29,
    "verse": 16
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "jacob",
  "name": "Jacob",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Israel",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 1800 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "The son of Isaac and father of the twelve tribes of Israel, known for wrestling with an angel and receiving the name Israel. He is a pivotal patriarch in Abrahamic traditions.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "genesis",
    "chapter": 32,
    "verse": 28
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "aaron",
  "name": "Aaron",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Aharon",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 1300 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "The brother of Moses and the first High Priest of the Israelites, instrumental in leading the people through the wilderness. He established the priestly lineage in Judaism.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "exodus",
    "chapter": 28,
    "verse": 1
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "miriam",
  "name": "Miriam",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Miriam",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 1300 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "The sister of Moses and Aaron, recognized as a prophetess who led the women in song after the crossing of the Red Sea. She is a significant female leader in the Exodus narrative.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "exodus",
    "chapter": 15,
    "verse": 20
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "joshua",
  "name": "Joshua",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Yehoshua",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 1200 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "The successor to Moses who led the Israelites into the Promised Land and oversaw the conquest of Canaan. He is celebrated for his faith and military leadership.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "joshua",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 6
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "samuel",
  "name": "Samuel",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Shmuel",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 1100 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "A prophet and judge who anointed the first two kings of Israel, Saul and David. He is a transitional figure between the period of judges and the monarchy.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "1-samuel",
    "chapter": 3,
    "verse": 10
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "elijah",
  "name": "Elijah",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Eliyahu",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 900 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "A powerful prophet who confronted the worship of Baal and was taken up to heaven in a chariot of fire. He is a forerunner of the Messiah in Jewish and Christian eschatology.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "1-kings",
    "chapter": 18,
    "verse": 36
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "elisha",
  "name": "Elisha",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Elisha",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 850 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "The successor to Elijah, known for performing numerous miracles and leading the prophetic school. He continued the work of reform and divine intervention in Israel.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "2-kings",
    "chapter": 2,
    "verse": 14
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "daniel",
  "name": "Daniel",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Daniel",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 600 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity",
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "A Jewish exile in Babylon known for interpreting dreams and surviving the lions' den due to his unwavering faith. His book contains apocalyptic visions central to Jewish and Christian thought.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "daniel",
    "chapter": 6,
    "verse": 23
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "ezekiel",
  "name": "Ezekiel",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Yechezkel",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 570 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "A priest and prophet during the Babylonian exile, known for his vivid visions of God's glory and the restoration of the temple. His prophecies emphasize individual responsibility and hope.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "ezekiel",
    "chapter": 37,
    "verse": 1
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "ruth",
  "name": "Ruth",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Ruth",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 1000 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "A Moabite woman who remained loyal to her mother-in-law Naomi and became the great-grandmother of King David. Her story is a testament to loyalty and God's inclusion of Gentiles.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "ruth",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 16
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "esther",
  "name": "Esther",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Hadassah",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 480 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "A Jewish queen of Persia who risked her life to save her people from genocide, celebrated during the festival of Purim. She is a model of courage and divine providence.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "esther",
    "chapter": 4,
    "verse": 16
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "ezra",
  "name": "Ezra",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "name": "Ezra",
    "script": "Latin"
   },
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "عُزَيْر",
    "script": "ʿUzair"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 450 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "judaism",
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "A scribe and priest who led the return of Jews from Babylon to Jerusalem and reestablished the Torah as the law of the community. He is credited with shaping post-exilic Judaism.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "judaism",
    "corpus": "Tanakh",
    "book": "ezra",
    "chapter": 7,
    "verse": 10
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "mary-magdalene",
  "name": "Mary Magdalene",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "name": "Mary of Magdala",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 30 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "A devoted follower of Jesus who witnessed his crucifixion and was the first to witness his resurrection. She is venerated as an apostle to the apostles in Christian tradition.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "New Testament",
    "book": "john",
    "chapter": 20,
    "verse": 11
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "martha",
  "name": "Martha",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "name": "Martha of Bethany",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 30 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "The sister of Lazarus and Mary, known for her hospitality and her confession of faith in Jesus as the Messiah. She represents active service in Christian theology.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "New Testament",
    "book": "luke",
    "chapter": 10,
    "verse": 38
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "lazarus",
  "name": "Lazarus",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "name": "Lazarus of Bethany",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 30 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "The brother of Mary and Martha whom Jesus raised from the dead after four days, demonstrating Jesus' power over death. His resurrection is a key sign in the Gospel of John.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "New Testament",
    "book": "john",
    "chapter": 11,
    "verse": 43
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "judas-iscariot",
  "name": "Judas Iscariot",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "name": "Judas",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 30 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "One of the twelve apostles who betrayed Jesus to the religious authorities for thirty pieces of silver. His act of betrayal is central to the Passion narrative.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "New Testament",
    "book": "matthew",
    "chapter": 26,
    "verse": 47
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "james-brother-of-jesus",
  "name": "James, Brother of Jesus",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "name": "James the Just",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 62 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "christianity"
  ],
  "summary": "The leader of the early Jerusalem church and author of the Epistle of James, known for his piety and adherence to Jewish law. He played a crucial role in the Council of Jerusalem.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "christianity",
    "corpus": "New Testament",
    "book": "acts",
    "chapter": 15,
    "verse": 13
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "khadijah",
  "name": "Khadijah",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "Khadijah bint Khuwaylid",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 619 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "The first wife of the Prophet Muhammad and the first person to accept Islam, providing him with crucial emotional and financial support. She is revered as the 'Mother of the Believers'.",
  "keyPassages": []
 },
 {
  "slug": "aisha",
  "name": "Aisha",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "Aisha bint Abi Bakr",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 678 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "The daughter of Abu Bakr and a wife of the Prophet Muhammad, known for her scholarship and transmission of many Hadiths. She was a prominent political and religious figure after the Prophet's death.",
  "keyPassages": []
 },
 {
  "slug": "fatima",
  "name": "Fatima",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "Fatima al-Zahra",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 632 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "The daughter of the Prophet Muhammad and wife of Ali, revered in Shia Islam as the mother of the Imams and a symbol of purity. She is central to the lineage of the Ahl al-Bayt.",
  "keyPassages": []
 },
 {
  "slug": "ali",
  "name": "Ali",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "name": "Ali ibn Abi Talib",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 661 CE",
  "traditions": [
   "islam"
  ],
  "summary": "The cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad and the fourth Caliph, revered by Shias as the first Imam. He is known for his bravery, wisdom, and deep spiritual insight.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "islam",
    "corpus": "Quran",
    "book": "surah-003-ali-imran",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 61
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "ananda",
  "name": "Ananda",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "buddhism",
    "name": "Ananda",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 480 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "buddhism"
  ],
  "summary": "The cousin and personal attendant of the Buddha, known for memorizing and reciting the Buddha's teachings. He was instrumental in preserving the Dharma after the Buddha's death.",
  "keyPassages": []
 },
 {
  "slug": "ashoka",
  "name": "Ashoka",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "buddhism",
    "name": "Ashoka the Great",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 232 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "buddhism"
  ],
  "summary": "The Mauryan emperor who converted to Buddhism after a bloody conquest and promoted non-violence and dharma throughout his empire. His edicts are among the earliest written records of Buddhism.",
  "keyPassages": []
 },
 {
  "slug": "yudhishthira",
  "name": "Yudhishthira",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "hinduism",
    "name": "Dharmaraja",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 3000 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "hinduism"
  ],
  "summary": "The eldest of the Pandava brothers in the Mahabharata, known for his unwavering commitment to truth and righteousness. He is the central figure in the epic's moral dilemmas.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "hinduism",
    "corpus": "mahabharata",
    "book": "mahabharata",
    "chapter": 4,
    "verse": 4
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "rama",
  "name": "Rama",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "hinduism",
    "name": "Rama Chandra",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 5000 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "hinduism"
  ],
  "summary": "The seventh avatar of Vishnu and the protagonist of the Ramayana, celebrated as the ideal king and husband. His life exemplifies dharma, duty, and moral perfection.",
  "keyPassages": []
 },
 {
  "slug": "sita",
  "name": "Sita",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "hinduism",
    "name": "Sita Devi",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 5000 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "hinduism"
  ],
  "summary": "The wife of Rama and an avatar of Lakshmi, known for her devotion, purity, and resilience during her abduction by Ravana. She is a symbol of feminine virtue in Hindu tradition.",
  "keyPassages": []
 },
 {
  "slug": "hanuman",
  "name": "Hanuman",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "hinduism",
    "name": "Maruti",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 5000 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "hinduism"
  ],
  "summary": "The monkey god and devoted servant of Rama, renowned for his strength, loyalty, and ability to fly. He is a central figure in the Ramayana and a symbol of selfless service.",
  "keyPassages": []
 },
 {
  "slug": "confucius",
  "name": "Confucius",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "confucianism",
    "name": "Kongzi",
    "script": "Latin"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 551–479 BCE",
  "traditions": [
   "confucianism"
  ],
  "summary": "A Chinese philosopher whose teachings on ethics, family, and governance shaped East Asian culture for millennia. His sayings are compiled in the Analects.",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "confucianism",
    "corpus": "analects",
    "book": "analects",
    "chapter": 1,
    "verse": 1
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "slug": "zarathustra",
  "name": "Zarathustra",
  "altNames": [
   {
    "tradition": "zoroastrianism",
    "name": "Zaraθuštra",
    "script": "Zarathustra"
   },
   {
    "tradition": "ancient-near-east",
    "name": "Zoroaster",
    "script": "Greek form"
   }
  ],
  "approxDates": "c. 1500–1000 BCE (debated; some scholars place him c. 600 BCE)",
  "traditions": [
   "zoroastrianism"
  ],
  "summary": "Iranian prophet and founder of Zoroastrianism, traditional author of the Gathas — the oldest stratum of the Avesta and the only portion of the corpus indisputably attributed to him. He proclaimed Ahura Mazda as the supreme uncreated god in opposition to the daevas, framed existence as a moral struggle between Asha (truth) and Druj (falsehood), and called every person to free choice between the two. His revelation profoundly shaped post-exilic Jewish, Christian, and Islamic eschatology — judgment, resurrection, the heaven/hell binary — through Persian rule of the Levant.",
  "imageSlug": "tradition-zoroastrianism",
  "keyPassages": [
   {
    "tradition": "zoroastrianism",
    "corpus": "avesta",
    "book": "avesta",
    "chapter": 3,
    "verse": 1
   },
   {
    "tradition": "zoroastrianism",
    "corpus": "avesta",
    "book": "avesta",
    "chapter": 5,
    "verse": 1
   }
  ],
  "crossRefNotes": "The Magi of Matthew 2 are traditionally identified with Zoroastrian priests. Greek thinkers (Plato, Pliny) attribute the doctrines of dualism and astral immortality to Zoroaster. Modern scholarship debates whether resurrection and final judgment in Second-Temple Judaism were borrowed from Zoroastrian models or developed independently."
 }
]